Along the 2,000-mile Oregon Trail from the Missouri River to Oregon and California, pioneers primarily traveled in which cardinal direction?
West
Expecting a brief portage between the Missouri and Columbia, Lewis and Clark instead crossed which mountain range?
Rockies
Which California desert got its ominous name from late-arriving 1849 Gold Rush pioneers who barely survived a misguided shortcut?
Death Valley
In 1846, Brigadier General Stephen W. Kearny’s Army of the West seized which New Mexico capital without a single shot fired?
Santa Fe
On the eastern leg of the Transcontinental Railroad, besides Civil War veterans, which immigrant group made up most of the Union Pacific workforce?
Irish immigrants